Discovery Channel Body Story Episode 2 Breaking Down

In this episode of bodies story we.

Witness the miraculous power of the body to heal itself and how these self repair systems gradually break down the reason for old age we share a dramatic four weeks with Lisa Mason life seems difficult enough you give me a hug Lisa but it’s about to take a turn for the we see the miraculous power of her selves to respond as they face the crisis of a shattered bone lisa is young but one day her body will be in the same condition as Bob bridges we spend one day with Bob the day that comes eventually to all of us when his body finally winds down after a lifetime of renewing itself it can no longer respond to crisis and that means bob is living on borrowed time so I will go in the back bedroom while.

It’s raining you can hear I could feel every day Lisa Mason puts her body under.

Tremendous strain if it were a machine it would break down in months but the human body has an amazing capacity for self maintenance and repair in the next few days Lisa will test this ability to withstand the pressure that Lisa puts.

On it her body needs to be incredibly strong the strength lies in her bones resist compression forces twice much as granite yet they are just one-fifth the weight of Steel deep inside bone isn’t solid it’s made of interconnecting arches like a honeycomb housing nerves and Human Body blood vessels these arches are built of a composite material a mixture of tough minerals like calcium phosphate and a flexible protein called collagen only this century that human engineers discover what nature has always known phonies you can do idea that composite materials are strongest oops gravity I never mind I’ll amend it later Lisa’s bones aren’t just composite.

They’re smart their interior honeycomb structure continually adapts to the way she uses them like every human lisa has a walk which is unique to and her leg bones have evolved a unique structure to match their tiny inner arches have grown into a pattern designed to disperse the impact of her walk and to protect her delicate joints if the way she walks were to change through injury for.

Example the arches inside her bones would quickly realign themselves you give me a hug Lisa beneath Lisa’s skin her bones are.

Teeming with life full of Circulatory System blood vessels and nerves there was alive as her heart or her brain inhabiting their interior landscape are millions of microscopic life-forms whose job it is to keep Lisa’s skeleton in a state of eternal youth these cells are part of an enormous workforce which maintains the arches inside her bones first cells called osteoclasts squirt an acid which is strong enough to burn through sheet as this acid dissolves away the tough mineral coating and the strands of collagen beneath a crew of Side Effects bone building cells called osteoblasts follows in its wake these cells lay down new collagen and coat it with a fresh frost of minerals throughout Lisa’s skeleton the bone destroyers and Tufts University bone builders work ceaselessly to prevent her bones from ever getting so old that they crack and Iran 10 of her bone is replaced every year over time the process will slow.

but even if Lisa lives to be 95 none of her bones will be more than 20 years old you look at the creases matters daddy.

Thank you from London what’s your name Lisa the smuggle sort of bike you are round here I bet you can’t ride over our ramp on it sometimes the human body is called upon.

To do more than gradual renewal and repair sometimes it has to deal with a major catastrophe as she rides Lisa’s brain and struts.

Individual muscles to tense and relax making subtle adjustments to keep her body balanced it’s a system of breathtaking complexity involving practically every bone and muscle in her body unfortunately it’s not infallible as Lisa hits ground the bones in her.

Arm are subjected to a sudden force 25 times her body weight despite bones incredible strength under.

This much pressure their narrow part is designed to break her radius bone snaps in order to prevent damage to the rest of Lisa’s body inside Lisa’s bone there is carnage the intricate arches have been smashed to pieces hundreds of tiny Causes Broken blood vessels have been severed.

Battered Natural Remedies pain nerves send frantic signals up her spinal cord to her brain responds by releasing its own natural morphine called endorphins which meet the Spinal Cord pain signals – almost nothing the brain involves endorphins to keep pain at bay for a few vital minutes in case she needs to escape danger well as her broken arm lisa has a badly bruised knee and a severe graze on her hand but she can’t feel any of them for the moment she’s anesthetized 10 minutes after the accident Lisa’s endorphins have worn off the pain is distressing but it’s also essential the body’s way of alerting us to internal damage as the pain grows Lisa instinctively rubs her arm as close to the injury as she can bear this rubbing releases another wave of pain blocking chemicals but they’re milder than endorphins mild to counter the frantic Heart Attack pain signals coming from a Healing Time broken bone lisa has done severe damage to her body.

But already it is showing signs of its remarkable ability to heal itself on her hand the task is to stop blood pouring from tiny severed vessels specialist Low White blood cells called platelets.

Change their shape as they come into contact with damaged flesh they turn into tiny spheres which lock together and plug the wound at the same time invisible proteins in her blood solidify into strands of a substance called fibrin a net of fibrin is thrown across the wound trapping the High White blood cells now the fibrin net contracts and.

Squeezing liquid out of the clot like water out of a sponge and as the clot shrinks it pulls the skin together closing the wound one quick blast of water and the body’s careful repair is washed away but once Lisa’s wound is cleaned it will start to heal again swiftly as before Lisa’s surface wound has been treated.

But no one knows the extent of the injury beneath her skin yet without waiting for the doctor her damaged arm is summoning help from her own body the battered tissues around the fracture send out chemical signals which make her arm swell to double its normal size the swelling is caused by Cardiovascular System blood vessels in her arm dilating fluid passes from the blood into the surrounding tissue flooding the fracture site with oxygen.

And other nutrients the chemicals which trigger swelling also cause the pain nerves and her arm to become more sensitive the slightest pressure has them firing off Alcohol Interrupt pain signals to brain her pain threshold is now so low she can even feel the blood pulsing through her swollen vessels a throbbing but once again pain has a purpose it protects Lisa’s arm by making sure she does nothing to aggravate the injury it’s an hour and a half after the.

Accident before the doctor is able to take a look beneath Lisa’s skin already have begun to change just as on the surface of her hand blood.

Is clotting inside her fractured bone but so many Umbilical Cord blood vessels have been severed that it will take another half an hour for the flow of blood into the brain to completely stop the result will be a huge blood clot enveloping the entire fracture a hematoma afraid you’ve broken your arm just.

Across there that must mean a spectacular fall what mine if I broken there’s two bones there there’s very little the doctors can do for Lisa is the radius they could set her arm and.

Plaster but her self-healing processes must do the rest in a few weeks live right as rain once the hematoma around the fracture is fully formed her body will perform a miracle and transform this massive clot from blood to bone sorry I can’t find the knives and forks anyway when I see those girls again it wasn’t their fault you know Mom skis Fitness Lisa’s body is faced with a massive repair job to mend the Recovery Time broken bone in her arm she needs thousands of Imperial College bone building cells and quickly inhabiting the spaces deep inside her bones our specialist cells called Induced Pluripotent stem cells responsible for replacing dead and damaged tissue Umbilical Cord stem cells are factories making new cells usually they divide to create a new cell once every two days now to form an army of Flintstones Plus bone building osteoblasts they divide once every three minutes and it sound as if they were.

Being go friendly to me Lisa just don’t understand kids these days do you dad that because they’re 8 hours after the accident and the Activities Skeleton bone builders are inside hematoma the minerals they release in case the clotted Low Red blood cells in tough bone outside the clot more.

Osteoblasts are working the transformation from blood into bone is underway Lisa’s body is doing what no machine can ever do it is repairing repair work is going on all over Lisa’s.

Body on her knee blood from tiny vessels severed when she hit the ground has been trapped inside her skin as the iron based pigment which makes blood red is gradually broken down chemically the blood changes color through all the rainbow hues of a bruise in the space of just five days her body Cleaves the blood away completely well we’re planning on putting it in your kitchen but apart from that everything’s fine really less than a week after accident the clot on Lisa’s hand has dried to become an irresistible itchy turned pink thank you hi there this fine new skin is growing fast around the scab a millimeter beneath the surface Bone Marrow stem cells are dividing to create new Undergoing Mitosis skin cells the new cells are pushed up to replace the damaged skin above Lisa’s scab begins to loosen and is easier to pull off I’ll get it my mom said I should bring these for you.

Wow is it broken the two broken ends of Lisa’s bone are steadily bonding together her cast protects the injury but it’s designed not to restrict the movement of the bones completely as she flexes her fingers the two ends of the break shift gently in relation to each other this movement generates tiny electric currents which seem to invigorate the work of the Montgomery County bone builders movement is actually helping to fix.

Lisa’s First Aid broken bone what are you doing oh my finger exercises I never lived in the countryside before no one here can see the stars better at night and like that until the Skeleton Worksheet bone builders have finished their work Lisa’s arm is still fragile scrub so her pain nerves have remained sensitive in an effort to protect her sorry don’t worry but her body is mending at a remarkable rate on her hand new skin is laid down in such a hurry that there is no time to replicate the pattern of the original skin in fact because children heal more quickly than adults they scar more easily to Neil Armstrong said one small step for man one giant leap for mankind just four weeks after her accident Lisa’s cast is ready to come off.

Deep inside the hematoma is almost pure bone the County Md bone builders are finishing their work and in the process something quite remarkable happens they deliberately wall themselves in then they send out filaments like tiny antenna to broadcast from their prisons of bone why they do this isn’t fully understood but throughout Lisa’s skeleton thousands of Walton bone builders are sending out signals somehow they are part of the complex process by which her bones adapt to the stresses and strains which Lisa puts on them because she is still growing Lisa’s bone.

Has healed twice fast as an adult’s would as we get older our bones regenerative powers decline but with time they can always perform their own miraculous repair under her skin the hematoma has been.

Transformed into a solid ball of bone twice as thick and strong as the original bone which was there but a stronger section in her bone could be a weakness if Lisa were to fall on her arm again her radius might not break in the way nature intended she could do herself even more serious damage so in Lisa’s arm the bone destroyers the.

Osteoclasts stir into life with jets of acid they begin dissolving away the thick over repaired bone they will continue to Reese coped until it is exactly the shape it would have been had it grown normally and never been broken although it’s only taken a month to fix the bone destroyers will keep sculpting for another whole year by next summer the bone destroyers will also have carved tunnels of the inside of the bone perfectly restoring its intricate arches filled with Smooth Muscle blood vessels and teeming.

With life again it will look like any other bone in Lisa’s bye as if the accident had never happened the body’s built-in first-aid kit works up to a point but over time as supplies run out so does our ability to heal in the next half hour octogenarian Bob bridges faces the day when his body can no longer respond to crisis Bob bridges body has carried him through.

87 years of life but not for much longer time has worn Shop Tremonton bob’s body out.

Every one of his organs is in decline.

Our bodies have evolved to last only.

Long enough to pass our genes to the next generation once we have reproduced.

And reared our children we are all dispensable Bob fulfilled his biological purpose long ago he’s living on borrowed time Wow since the day he was born.

The sells involves body have been dying but his body is designed to replace them it’s from Ralph right kinked it’s because his body is constantly repairing and renewing itself that bob has been able to survive for 87 years every day of his life he’s lost a billion cells from the surface of his skin but just a millimeter beneath the skin’s surface why specialist cells called Cord Blood stem these cells are factories producing healthy new Vitamin D skin cells to take the place of those that die Bob has different kinds of Human Embryonic stem cells all over his body they have replaced bones his blood even the lining of his stomach and over again the cycle of renewal is so rapid that most of his body has never been more than ten years old some parts only three days old hmm that’s it the wisbeach today but some of Bob’s most vital organs.

Including his heart in his brain are.

Made of cells which can never be renewed these cells have suffered almost nine decades of toxic damage they have been attacked by pollution and ultraviolet light but even in the cleanest environment cells get damaged because they generate their own inside every cell in Shop Cookeville bob’s body are tiny electrically charged particles known as free radicals are the waste products of healthy cell activity highly volatile they have the potential to damage anything they collide with at the heart of the cell is blueprint its DNA it’s struck by free radicals around 10,000 times a day usually the DNA repairs itself but on very rare occasions the repair process with an altered blueprint the cells.

Behavior becomes unpredictable the body’s solution is drastic a cell with severely damaged DNA is programmed to commit suicide with every passing day and more of Bob’s cells die and the Ethical Issues stem cells which manufacture new cells are dying too bob is quite simply wasting away it’s the cumulative effect of cells.

Dying all over his body which is taking its toll on the quality of Bob’s life when he walks Bob’s brain sends signals.

To stimulate the muscles in his legs but in his spinal cord free radicals have killed off nerve cells connections have been broken signals can no longer get through Bob’s leg muscles have grown these weakened muscles need more oxygen.

To keep them moving but Bob’s breathing apparatus from his.

Windpipe to his lungs is not what it was he’s lost one-sixth of the delicate surface which absorbs oxygen into his breathing is shallow and inefficient we’re still Bob’s heart has lost a quarter of its muscle cells and less oxygen is being pumped to he used to be able to run at more than.

10 miles an hour now 2 miles an hour is fast as his legs can carry him oh it’s grandad.

Pointing down morning looks the same Simon reward the helping me with a new stock with never patented my day you only sold typewriters so think you need to practice n do you.

Bob’s most precious organ is his brain.

Somewhere in the trillions of connections between his Smoking Weed brain cells lie his personality and memory if his Weed Kill brain cells were replaced everything that Bob is would be lost splendid must run in the family it’s not that Alcohol Kill brain cells don’t die free radicals and even the odd bump on the head have contributed to Bob’s brain losing 50,000 cells each day of his life but because we’re born with many more Marijuana Kill brain cells than we ever use or need the effects of a shrinking brain take a long time to show even though 10 of his Alcohol Kills brain cells have.

Died bob is still mentally sharp most of the time but the death toll isn’t evenly spread across his brain certain abilities are beginning to suffer your dad never used to help me in the shop well maybe you should have paid him did you give me anything to do you know he did grab that he gave me that chess game deep in Bob’s brain is an area called the hippocampus its role is to translate experiences into memories since he was 50 it has lost one-fifth of its cells his brain is now less able to lay down new memories this may explain one the.

Paradoxes of old age that Bob can’t remember recent events well as he can recall experiences from his distant past every time we learn a new skill our.

Weed Kills brain cells reach out and forge connections with each other but over the years Bob’s brain has become less able to make these fresh connections it’s more difficult for him to learn new skills the organs which feed information to Bob’s brain are degenerating to in his inner ear years of noise have destroyed sound sensitive sounds he began to lose the ability to hear high-pitched sounds when he was only 30 since he was 50 Bob has been farsighted ironically his side has been damaged by his body’s own efforts at repair balloons in his eye maintains itself by regularly coding its surface with a transparent protein but as and more layers have been laid down his lens has become rigid and a rigid lens is more difficult to focus Bob census may have suffered the ravages.

Of time but the skills ease practice throughout his life are still as sharp when connections between Grow New brain cells are used repeatedly the connections.

Themselves stay strong I’ve been your table but still the same old game just like his muscles the more Bob uses his Head Kill brain cells the less likely they are to see tomorrow.

thank you for letting me be to a pinball bob has kept himself alert and alive for.

Nearly 90 years but the truth is that’s far longer than humans were designed to survive and now Bob’s losing his grasp the cells in Shop Morganton bob’s body have many.

Functions but all of them generate heat and this heat helps to sustain Bob’s life but now with a dwindling number of cells he’s colder than he used to be even worse Bob is less able to conserve his body heat our temperature is controlled by the Medical Term blood vessels in our skin when we’re hot they expand to give out excess heat when we’re cold they constrict to divert blood and heat into the core of our bodies but Bob has lost this ability even though he’s cold the 3 Types blood vessels in his hands are still losing heat to the outside world like old pipes coated with deposits his.

Vessels are coated with fat and calcium a central heating system is no longer working as it should Bob’s temperature control is one of many.

Systems in his body which are only just coping with the demands of everyday life in Bob’s stomach his lunch is broken down by digestive acid his stomach shields itself from this acid with the cellular lining but just like everywhere else in his body the Breast Cancer stem cells which generate this lining are starting to die off Bob know it but his stomach wall is getting threadbare and opened to acid for most of us this would pose no real.

Danger but in Bob’s increasingly fragile state it could easily become life-threatening digestive acid has burned its way right through his stomach wall into an artery blood pours through the hole into his stomach but all Bob feels is a little queasy and.

Lightheaded not figuring too good QWERTY a little lie-down Bob is in very little pain but his body.

Is just too old to cope with this crisis if he were a younger man his perforated.

Artery would instantly constrict to slow the loss of blood but his agent clogged blood vessel is too stiff pints of blood or pouring into his stomach Bob’s blood pressure is dropping his heart beats faster to keep blood moving around his body but even pumping at its maximum rate his fragile heart cannot restore his blood pressure not now coochie.

No no for Bob this is the beginning at Bob stomach is starting to digest his.

Own leaking blood releasing potassium into bloodstream his body is no longer strong enough to filter it out and potassium can reset the rhythm of the Bob’s heart starts to beat irregularly for the first time in nearly 90 years the supply of blood and oxygen being pumped around his body falters the most devastating impact is on his.

Brain for all its power the brain is a fragile organ it needs constant and plentiful supplies of oxygen it’s vulnerable to the slightest drop in a vain attempt to conserve energy.

Bob’s brain suspends all activity except that which keeps his body functioning Bob slips into unconsciousness his heart is pumping so little blood it.

Can no longer support its own beat slowly it is grinding to a halt the.

Traffic of blood around Shop Devils bob’s body is ceased death is now inevitable the Bob is still breathing there is no oxygen getting to his cells the cause of each death is individual as the life which preceded it but the order in which the body shuts down is always same the first cells to die are in the brain as death approaches they release waves of morphine like chemicals called endorphins which blot out any anxiety or dying cells in his visual cortex start to fire off signals at random although his eyes are shut it’s as if he’s seen this may explain the tunnel of light which many people report when brought back from the brink finally Drinking Alcohol brain cells detached from one.

Another breaking the connections they had made during a lifetime of thinking and remembering Bob’s brain is dead now all remaining.

Body function ceases death is a process in which every tissue and organ shuts down at its own pace Shop Manning bob’s body will continue making Produces New skin cells for several his muscles will live on for hours but eventually these two will stop as after cell ceases its activity.

Shop Glendive bob’s body stops generating its own heat with its internal fire extinguished it starts to cool towards the temperature of the room.

Bob is dead but he still has a.

Biological presence the blueprint for cells his DNA has been passed down to his son and from his son to his though as consciousness is gone bobs.

Characteristics live on.